Otitis media is an infection of the middle ear, the air-filled space behind the eardrum. It’s most common in young children, often causing earaches and sometimes fever.
The primary cause is usually a viral infection, often following an upper respiratory infection like a cold. Bacteria can also cause otitis media, sometimes as a complication of a viral infection. These bacteria frequently include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis.
Several factors increase the risk of otitis media. Exposure to secondhand smoke significantly raises the chances of infection. Allergies can contribute by increasing inflammation in the nasal passages and Eustachian tubes, which connect the middle ear to the back of the throat. Bottle-feeding infants (versus breastfeeding) is also linked to a higher risk.
| Viral Infection | Often precedes bacterial infection, leading to inflammation |
| Bacterial Infection | S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis are common culprits |
| Allergies | Nasal inflammation hinders Eustachian tube function |
| Secondhand Smoke | Increases the likelihood of infection significantly |
| Bottle Feeding | Higher risk compared to breastfeeding infants |
Early diagnosis and treatment are key to preventing complications. See your doctor if you suspect otitis media.
