Penicillins are a group of beta-lactam antibiotics. They work by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, effectively preventing bacteria from building and repairing their protective outer layers. This leads to bacterial cell death.
Types and Uses
Numerous penicillin types exist, each with slightly different properties and uses. Penicillin G, for instance, is administered intravenously or intramuscularly to treat severe infections like pneumonia or meningitis. Amoxicillin, a widely used oral penicillin, combats a broader range of infections, including ear infections and respiratory tract infections. Other penicillins, like methicillin, are designed to resist breakdown by certain bacterial enzymes. Doctors select penicillin type based on the specific infection and patient factors.
Side Effects and Precautions
Common side effects include diarrhea, nausea, and rash. Serious allergic reactions, though rare, can be life-threatening and require immediate medical attention. Penicillin allergies are a significant concern, prompting the need for careful medical history review before prescribing. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should discuss penicillin use with their doctors.
