Propranolol works primarily by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart and other tissues. This action reduces the effects of adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine), hormones that increase heart rate and blood pressure.
Specifically, propranolol targets β1 and β2 receptors. Blocking β1 receptors in the heart slows the heart rate and reduces the force of heart contractions, leading to decreased blood pressure. β2 receptor blockade in the lungs, blood vessels, and other areas influences bronchoconstriction and vasodilation.
This dual action of blocking both receptor subtypes contributes to propranolol’s therapeutic effects across various conditions, including hypertension, angina, anxiety disorders, and migraine prophylaxis. The extent of β1 versus β2 blockade varies depending on the dose and individual patient factors.
Remember that individual responses to propranolol can differ. Consult your physician for personalized dosage and monitoring, as this information is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice.
