Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects hormone production, leading to irregular periods or absent ovulation. This directly impacts fertility because ovulation is necessary for conception. About 70% of women with PCOS experience fertility problems.
PCOS disrupts the delicate balance of hormones, primarily estrogen, testosterone, and luteinizing hormone (LH). Elevated levels of LH and testosterone hinder the maturation and release of eggs (ovulation). This can result in infrequent or absent periods, making it difficult to conceive naturally.
The cysts on the ovaries themselves aren’t the primary cause of infertility; rather, they’re a symptom of the underlying hormonal imbalance. These cysts often contain immature eggs that don’t develop fully.
Beyond ovulation issues, PCOS can also affect the uterine lining (endometrium). This can interfere with implantation–the process of a fertilized egg attaching to the uterine wall. High levels of androgens associated with PCOS might also contribute to this complication.
Diagnosing PCOS usually involves a physical exam, blood tests to measure hormone levels, and pelvic ultrasounds. Early diagnosis is key because effective treatment strategies exist.
Treatment options include lifestyle modifications like weight management (even modest weight loss can significantly improve outcomes) and regular exercise. Medication, such as Clomid and Provera, can help regulate ovulation and periods, increasing the chances of pregnancy. Other medications might be used to address specific symptoms.
It’s Crucial to discuss all treatment options with your doctor to find the best approach for your individual circumstances. Remember, many women with PCOS successfully conceive with the help of medical intervention and lifestyle changes.
