Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a common bacteria often found in the vagina and rectum of healthy adults. While usually harmless to adults, it can cause serious infections in newborns.
GBS Infection in Newborns
GBS infections in newborns manifest differently. Early-onset disease appears within the first seven days of life, often presenting as pneumonia, sepsis, or meningitis. Late-onset disease emerges between seven days and three months of age, usually as meningitis.
- Early-onset GBS: Requires immediate medical attention. Symptoms include difficulty breathing, fever, lethargy, and poor feeding. Late-onset GBS: Can be less obvious initially. Watch for fever, irritability, poor feeding, and vomiting.
Prompt diagnosis and treatment are vital for both types. Untreated GBS can lead to long-term disabilities or even death.
Risk Factors and Prevention
Several factors increase the risk of GBS transmission to the newborn during delivery.
Premature birth Prolonged rupture of membranes (water breaking) Fever during labor Positive GBS screening test during pregnancy
Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) is a common preventative measure given during labor to women who screen positive for GBS. This significantly reduces the risk of infection in newborns.
Diagnosis and Treatment
GBS is typically diagnosed through a culture from a vaginal or rectal swab during pregnancy. Treatment involves antibiotics, specifically, penicillin or ampicillin are generally the first choice. Alternatives exist for those with penicillin allergies.
Seeking Medical Care
If you are pregnant or your newborn shows signs of illness consistent with GBS, seek immediate medical attention. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for optimal outcomes.
