Both medical nitroglycerin and explosive nitroglycerin share the same chemical formula: C3H5N3O9. However, the key difference lies in their purity and formulation. Medical-grade nitroglycerin undergoes rigorous purification to remove impurities that could cause unpredictable detonation. This results in a much more stable compound, suitable for handling and administration as a medication.
Explosive nitroglycerin, conversely, contains trace impurities and may be formulated with other chemicals to enhance its explosive properties. These impurities and additives lower the activation energy needed for detonation, making it highly sensitive to shock, friction, and heat. The presence of these components is what differentiates it from the medical variant and makes its handling extremely dangerous.
The physical properties also differ significantly. Medical nitroglycerin is typically administered as a sublingual tablet, ointment, or spray, demonstrating its stability at ambient temperatures. Explosive nitroglycerin, on the other hand, is often a viscous liquid highly sensitive to external stimuli, requiring careful handling and storage under specific conditions to prevent accidental detonation.
In summary, the subtle yet crucial differences in purity and formulation directly impact the stability and reactivity of nitroglycerin, determining whether it functions as a life-saving medication or a powerful explosive.
